HBase is a column storage database that can have many different columns, and it is allowed for columns to contain no values. So HBase is a good way of representing sparse tables…
This blog covers introduction to common algorithms in recommendation systems including Collaborative Filtering, Factorization Machine, Wide&Deep and DeepFM.
For non-smooth (non-differentiable) functions, subgradients can work as well as gradients when it comes to optimization. Check the definition and principle of subgradients here.